Geographic Location
Bulgaria is situated in South Europe, in the Eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has an area of 110, 993.6 sq.km., and a population of ca. 7 mln. people.
In the North, the country borders Romania, the major part of the national border running along the river Danube. In the East, its shores are bathed in the waters of the Black Sea; in the South it borders Greece and Turkey, and in the West - Macedonia and Serbia.
The relief is extremely diverse – vast plains and picturesque mountain areas, cut through by deep river gorges. In the northern part of the country, to south of the Danube, stretches the fertile hilly Danube Plain, crossed by several rivers running from the Balkan Mountain Range towards the Danube river.
Along the southern boundary of the Danube Plain start rising the foothills of Stara Planina (the Balkan Mountains), and the slopes of the mountain itself. Parallel to this mountain ridge, lies a transitional area with a very complex relief. There Stara Planina joins the Sredna Gora Mountain through multiple mountain thresholds, wherein the Kazanluk and Karlovo hollows are situated, forming the Rose Valley, famous worldwide for the rose gardens where the renowned Bulgarian rose-oil is being produced for further use in perfume and liqueurs.
Another mountain mastiff, including the mountains Rhodope, Rila and Pirin, covers the south-western part of Bulgaria. The Rila mountain range includes Mount Musala, the 2,925-metre peak, which is the highest on the Balkan Peninsula. These extremely beautiful mountains are an attractive area for relaxation, mountaineering and tourism during both, the summer, as much as the winter months.
On their territories, prestigious resorts have been built, offering all and any conveniences, and satisfying even the most sophisticated taste. The spectacular steep mountain slopes, and the hundreds of lakes of glacial origin, provide perhaps the best, breathtaking scenery in Bulgaria.
The eastern part of the country includes the Black Sea coast area, featured by a rather smooth and even coastline, with a unique combination of sheer rocks and spacious long and beautiful beaches. The features of this region have become a prerequisite for the development of international tourism, and have turned it into an attractive area for investments.
Bulgaria has considerable water resources. The terrain of the country is cut through by many rivers, such as the Danube, Iskar, Maritsa, Struma, Arda, Tundzha etc. Most of them flow into the Black Sea, and the rest – into the Aegean Sea.
On the territory of Bulgaria there is also a large number of lakes, of glacial, structural and karst origin. The seven Rila lakes, situated high in the mountain, provide an amazing vista. There are about 500 mineral springs in the country, half of which are with warm or hot waters (up to 103°C by Separeva Banya). These have been for centuries famous for their healing qualities, which has allowed the development of balneological resort complexes in their vicinity. Large quantities of these spring waters are bottled and offered both, on the national and on the international markets.
Bulgaria has also a great number of dam lakes, built to satisfy entirely the needs of the country.
The highly varied terrain of Bulgaria includes a large number of types and sub-types of soil, all grouped in three main regions – North Bulgaria is characterized by fertile black soil, as well as by grey forest soils; in South Bulgaria where the transitional continental and sub-Mediterranean climate is prevailing, forest, maroon and clay soils are predominant; the mountain regions are rich in brown and forest soils.
Climate in Bulgaria is moderate continental, with a notable Mediterranean influence in the south. The average temperatures in January are about -2.2 °C (in the high mountain areas they are considerably lower, and the snowfalls are usual throughout the whole year, which favours the development of ski-tourism); in July they reach an average of 19.25°C.
The country has a wealth and a large variety of plant species – broad-leaved and coniferous forests, as well as steppe vegetation. There are 10 national parks and 97 natural reserves on the territory of the country, famous for their unique flora and fauna.
The presence of all hereto described natural features make Bulgaria a preferred destination for living, holidays and business. It can satisfy any taste – of those who are looking for exciting sea adventures, but also of those who have decided to enjoy the healing waters of the mineral springs, or of those who prefer the tranquility and peace of the intact virgin nature.